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<title>38th parallel structures</title>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the manmade structures along the Korean 38th parallel, see <a href="Korean_Demilitarized_Zone" title="Korean Demilitarized Zone">Korean Demilitarized Zone</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><th scope="col" style="text-align:left;">Structure</th><th scope="col" style="text-align:right;">Coordinates</th></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="Hicks_Dome" class="mw-redirect" title="Hicks Dome">Hicks Dome</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">

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</style><span class=" nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="geo:37.5,-88.3"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">88°18′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.5°N 88.3°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.5; -88.3</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Hicks Dome</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">Avon</td><td style="text-align:right;"><span class="geo-inline"><span class=" nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="geo:37.8,-90.2"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°48′N</span> <span class="longitude">90°12′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.8°N 90.2°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.8; -90.2</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Avon crater</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="Crooked_Creek_crater" title="Crooked Creek crater">Crooked Creek</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"><span class="geo-inline"><span class=" nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="geo:37.8,-91.4"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°48′N</span> <span class="longitude">91°24′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.8°N 91.4°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.8; -91.4</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Crooked Creek crater</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="Decaturville_crater" title="Decaturville crater">Decaturville</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"><span class="geo-inline"><span class=" nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="geo:37.9,-92.7"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°54′N</span> <span class="longitude">92°42′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.9°N 92.7°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.9; -92.7</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Decaturville crater</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">Hazelgreen</td><td style="text-align:right;"><span class="geo-inline"><span class=" nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="geo:37.7,-92.4"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">92°24′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.7°N 92.4°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.7; -92.4</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Hazelgreen crater</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="Weaubleau_structure" title="Weaubleau structure">Weaubleau-Osceola</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"><span class="geo-inline"><span class=" nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="geo:38,-93.6"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">93°36′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.0°N 93.6°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.0; -93.6</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Weaubleau-Osceola structure</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">Rose Dome</td><td style="text-align:right;"><span class="geo-inline"><span class=" nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="geo:37.7,-95.7"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">95°42′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.7°N 95.7°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.7; -95.7</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Rose Dome</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table>

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<p>The <b>38th parallel structures</b>, also known as the <b>38th parallel lineament</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are a series of seven circular depressions or deformations stretching 700 kilometres (430 mi) across southern <a href="Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> and <a href="Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> and into eastern <a href="Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, in the United States, at a <a href="Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a> of roughly <a href="38th_parallel_north" class="mw-redirect" title="38th parallel north">38 degrees north</a>. Estimated at 300 million years old, three are believed to be <a href="Impact_event" title="Impact event">impact events</a> from meteorites, but other structures are possibly remnants of <a href="Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanos</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>Rampino and Volk (1996) postulated that these structures could be the remains of a serial meteorite strike during the late <a href="Mississippian_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Mississippian age">Mississippian</a> or early <a href="Pennsylvanian_(geology)" title="Pennsylvanian (geology)">Pennsylvanian</a> periods (320 ± 10 Ma).<sup id="cite_ref-Rampino1996_p49_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rampino1996_p49-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Difficulty in determining the age of many of the structures and doubts about the exogenic origins of several of them leave some <a href="Geologist" title="Geologist">geologists</a> skeptical of this hypothesis. As of 2016, only two of the structures, <a href="Crooked_Creek_crater" title="Crooked Creek crater">Crooked Creek</a> (320 ± 80 <a href="Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a>) and <a href="Decaturville_crater" title="Decaturville crater">Decaturville</a> (< 300 Ma), both in Missouri, are listed as confirmed impact craters in the <a href="Earth_Impact_Database" title="Earth Impact Database">Earth Impact Database</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>There is evidence that at least some of the features, such as <a href="Hicks_Dome" class="mw-redirect" title="Hicks Dome">Hicks Dome</a> in Illinois, are volcanic in origin. These features are associated with faults and fractured rock, and are accompanied by igneous rocks and mineral deposits. Hicks Dome is a structural <a href="Dome_(geology)" title="Dome (geology)">dome</a> which has its central <a href="Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian</a> core displaced upward some 4,000 feet (1,200 m) in relation to the surrounding <a href="Stratum" title="Stratum">strata</a>. The dome has small associated <a href="Igneous" class="mw-redirect" title="Igneous">igneous</a> <a href="Dike_(geology)" title="Dike (geology)">dikes</a> around its flanks.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Interest in the possibility of serial impacts on Earth was piqued by observations of <a href="Comet_Shoemaker%E2%80%93Levy_9" title="Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9">comet Shoemaker–Levy 9</a> impacting on <a href="Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> in 1994. It has been estimated, however, that the likelihood of such an event occurring on Earth is vanishingly small because the Earth's weaker gravitational field is much less able than Jupiter's to pull a speeding object close enough to be torn apart by tidal forces. However, evidence of serial impacts on the <a href="Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>, whose gravitational field is even weaker, can be seen in several <a href="List_of_features_on_the_Moon" class="mw-redirect" title="List of features on the Moon">chains of craters</a> on the lunar surface.

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<ul><li><a href="Impact_event" title="Impact event">Impact event</a></li>

<li><a href="Roche_limit" title="Roche limit">Roche limit</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_possible_impact_structures_on_Earth" title="List of possible impact structures on Earth">List of possible impact structures on Earth</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gillman, Joe (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.missourigeologists.org/Meeting2004/AMGguidebook2004.pdf">Association of Missouri Geologists Field Trip Guidebook</a>, 51st Annual Meeting, Rolla, Missouri, October 1–2, 2004, 2004, <a href="Missouri_Department_of_Natural_Resources" title="Missouri Department of Natural Resources">Missouri Department of Natural Resources</a>, Geological Survey and Resource Assessment Division, p. 15</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Rampino1996_p49-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rampino1996_p49_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rampino & Volk, 1996, p.49</span>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Spray_(director)2016" class="citation web cs1">John Spray (director) (2016-05-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unb.ca/passc/ImpactDatabase/NorthAmerica.html">"North America"</a>. <i>Earth Impact Database</i>. Planetary and Space Science Centre, University of New Brunswick<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-30</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raymond Wiggers, 1997, <i>Geology underfoot in Illinois</i>, Mountain Press, p. 252–256. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-87842-346-X</bdi></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFRampinoVolk1996" class="citation journal cs1">Rampino, M.R; Volk, T. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/docs/1996/1996_Rampino_ra05200y.pdf">"Multiple impact event in the Paleozoic: Collision with a string of comets or asteroids?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="Geophysical_Research_Letters" title="Geophysical Research Letters">Geophysical Research Letters</a></i>. <b>23</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">49–</span>52. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996GeoRL..23...49R">1996GeoRL..23...49R</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F95GL03605">10.1029/95GL03605</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-06</span></span>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

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<ul><li>Evans, Kevin R.; Mickus, Kevin L.; & Rovey, Charles W. III (2003). The Weaubleau Structure: Evidence of a Mississippian Meteorite Impact in Southwestern Missouri. <i>Association of Missouri Geologists Field Trip Guidebook, 50th Annual Meeting</i>. Missouri Department of Natural Resources. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060429213030/http://geosciences.missouristate.edu/geology/RI-75(2003AMGguidebook).pdf">PDF</a></li>

<li>Luczaj, J. 1998. Argument supporting explosive igneous activity for the origin of "cryptoexplosion" structures in the midcontinent, United States. <i>Geology</i> <b>26</b>(April):295.</li></ul>

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